Exodus from Egypt: Moses leads Israelites from Egypt, followed by 40 years of wandering in the desert.
Torah, including the Ten Commandments, received at Mount Sinai.

Israelites settle in the Land of Israel
Jewish monarchy established; Saul, first king.
Jerusalem made capital of David’s kingdom.
First Temple, the national and spiritual center of the Jewish people, built in Jerusalem by King Solomon.
Divided kingdom: Judah and Israel
Israel crushed by Assyrians; 10 tribes exiled (Ten Lost Tribes).

Judah conquered by Babylonia; Jerusalem and First Temple destroyed; most Jews exiled.

Many Jews return from Babylonia; Temple rebuilt.